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Pharma 2020 KSA 1. What are the main laws governing the manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals in the jurisdiction? Pharmaceutical Establishments in Saudi Arabia are governed by the Law of Pharmaceutical Establishments and Preparations issued by Saudi Arabia Royal Decree No. M31/1425 dated 01/06/1425H (corresponding to 18/07/2004) (the PE Law).…
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Competition 2020 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 1. What is the name of the main regulator/ regulators governing the competition law in this jurisdiction? The Board of the General Authority for Competition (the Board). The General Authority for Competition (the GAC). The Committee for Adjudication of Competition Law Violations (the Committee).…
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Doing Business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia- Part I What is the legal system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)? The legal system in the Kingdom is primarily based on: Civil law, heavily relying on Sharia law and Islamic teachings on matters that are not codified under the…
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Transfer Pricing Regulations in the Middle East The Transfer Pricing is a common mechanism which the countries use to transfer the tax base. The transfer is often from countries with high taxation to countries with low taxation. Transfer Pricing deprives states of their fair share of taxes from global corporations. In…
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Saudi Arabia: New Mining Investment Law Introduction The Middle East has primarily always focused its attention on revenue generated from the oil and gas industry. However, recently these countries are venturing out and exploring other sectors in keeping with their aim of economic diversification. Due to their concentration on oil…
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Artificial Intelligence & The Criminal Justice System Introduction As Stephen Hawking once said, “Artificial Intelligence is either the best or the worst thing to happen to humanity.” The fact that the system is constantly evolving and learning from our routine behavior allows it to adapt and become a sophisticated technology…
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Mortgage Agreements in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia As per the New Commercial Mortgages Law promulgated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on 24 April 2018, the mortgage arrangement is anchored in a fixed debt that is promised to be amortized, or an item guaranteed under the debt or outstanding…
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It was challenging to set up business in Saudi Arabia until 2018 brought a new era by bringing about many changes to the rules and regulations of the country making it easier for people to set up their businesses. The time taken to process a business license in Saudi Arabia…
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The New Professional Companies Law of Saudi Arabia The New Professional Companies Law (PCL) that has been enforced on 26 March 2020 has successfully replaced the former 1991 Professional Companies Law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and all regulations/provisions that are in contradiction to the new Professional Companies Law shall be deemed…
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Rail Infrasructure Projects in the GCC Rail Projects are always an ambitious and expensive affair every country hopes for, not to mention the long time periods required to complete and establish such projects as operational. While providing extensive environmental benefits, reducing the pollution created by cars and other heavy operational…
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Initial Public Offering - Saudi Arabia Introduction In the early 1930s, capital markets were given a platform in Saudi Arabia but regulations were put in place only post 1980s through the Ministerial Committee, Tadawul and the Capital Market Authority (CMA). These were established to ensure fairness and efficiency in the…
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Intellectual Property Rights: Exhaustion of Ownership and Parallel Imports Introduction Parallel Imports The term parallel import denotes importation of goods legitimately acquired from the owner of the goods subsequently sold in an unauthorized manner through unauthorized trade channels. These goods may also be referred to as grey market goods, since, despite…
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E- Commerce Law Saudi Arabia Introduction Due to the advance of internet across the globe and in the age of technology, e-commerce has found unprecedented support and flourished greatly during the past decade bringing about a major change in the retail industry, especially during these trying times. Most businesses have…
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Copyright Registration in the Middle East Admittedly, the Middle East has something of a "Wild West" reputation, when it comes to some business behaviors. One of the most protuberant of these is the Middle Eastern perception of copying someone as a form of flattery, rather than as theft. In this…
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